The End of Forever Chemicals: Scientists Found a New Way to Destroy PFAS

July 19, 2024 Admin

Concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), sometimes referred to as forever chemicals, has grown. They are persistent in the environment and can pose potential health risks.

These substances are difficult to decompose and may be found in many different items, such as firefighting foam and non-stick cookware. Water sources have become widely contaminated as a result of this. However, new scientific discoveries have produced a potentially effective way to eliminate PFAS.

This article explores the new method and its limitations in destroying PFAS chemicals.

Table of Contents

An Overview of the Forever Chemicals

Since the 1940s, a class of artificial compounds known as PFAS has been in use. They are distinguished by their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which provide their resilience to heat, water, and oil. These properties not only make PFAS more environmentally persistent but also allow it to be employed in a variety of applications.

PFAS have been detected in soil, water, air, and even human and animal blood on a global scale. As NRDC states, they are called forever chemicals because they are nearly indestructible. Moreover, it is hard to avoid them as they are present everywhere: in your homes, at your offices, and in the environment.

They have been linked to several health issues that impact individuals of all ages. While they contain many chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are said to be the most hazardous.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says that they can cause:

Cancers
Developmental issues
Reproductive problems
Declined immune systems
Increased cholesterol levels
Interference with hormones

Take into consideration the case of PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). AFFF is used by firefighters to fight fires caused by fuels and oils. They are commonly used by firefighters and army officials during their training or any other fuel-based fire events.

Numerous firemen now run the danger of getting cancer and other illnesses as a result of this. According to TorHoerman Law, exposed individuals are at a higher risk of developing kidney, testicular, pancreatic, bladder, liver, and other cancer types. Since the manufacturers didn’t warn the firefighters about these health concerns, they have the right to take legal action.

In fact, many firefighters have already filed firefighter foam lawsuits against manufacturers and government authorities. Through a firefighter foam lawsuit, they allege that manufacturers knew or should have known about the harms caused by PFAS and AFFF. However, they didn’t warn the users because they wanted their products to sell more so they could get higher revenue.

All these cases have been consolidated into multidistrict litigation by the court to ensure smooth proceedings. As of July 1, 2024, there were 9,198 cases filed in this MDL, and the numbers are estimated to increase.

The New Way to Destroy PFAS

Traditionally, the only way to destroy PFAS was to heat it above 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit. However, scientists from Northwestern have discovered a new and safer way to do this. They used a solution of lye and dimethyl sulfoxide that helps destroy PFAS at a much lower temperature of 248 degrees Fahrenheit.

It works by breaking one specific molecule of PFAS chemicals. After that, the broken molecule starts a series of events that eventually result in the molecules’ annihilation. This has been a major breakthrough because, until now, these chemicals have only been separated from drinking water. However, they still had to be destroyed, and now it can be done.

This is, however, not the only method to tackle the forever chemicals. An MIT Technology Review article mentions a few other methods. The article states that the race to destroy the forever chemicals is ongoing.

For example, Revive first introduced a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) method for this. It helps cleave the very carbon fluorine bonds that makes these chemicals indestructible.

Aquagga, located in Washington, is developing another technology that shows great promise. It uses a method called HALT, which is somewhat like a cousin of the SCWO technique. Similar to SCWO, it leverages heat and pressure. However, the difference is that it uses sodium hydroxide to accelerate the process.

Limitations of the Destruction Method

The innovative technique created by Northwestern University experts is secure and dependable. It is not without limits, though, particularly in terms of eliminating PFAS from drinking water. The researchers said that this method can effectively remove and destroy PFOA and GenX chemicals. However, it is not effective in destroying PFOS.

Thus, the researchers are looking into other ways for the same. Although this is a positive step, it may not be sufficient because PFOS poses an equivalent risk. It can still cause many health concerns after entering into the environment or a human body.

The Role of Policies and Regulations in Reducing PFAS Exposure

The successful implementation of new PFAS destruction methods will also depend on supportive policy and regulation. To manage PFAS pollution, governments must set clear policies and norms and provide incentives for the use of efficient elimination methods.

In addition, authorities need to handle the problem holistically and take into account the wider ramifications of PFAS poisoning. This includes not only focusing on the destruction of existing PFAS but also implementing measures to prevent further contamination.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the new technique for PFAS destruction?

The new technique to destroy PFAS chemicals includes the use of nanobubble ozone technology (NBOT) along with UV light. The technology can help trap and destroy PFAS from drinking water and has been recently patented in the US.

How can I lessen the amount of PFAS I’m exposed to?

Either stop or limit takeout, microwave popcorn, and fast food items overall. Limit the amount of non-stick cookware you use. Cast iron and stainless steel are excellent PFAS-free alternatives. Keep in mind that cookware labeled as PFOA- or PFOS-free does not equate to PFAS-free!

How is PFAS regulated?

For these PFAS, the EPA has developed health-based, non-enforceable Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs). The final regulation mandates that public water systems continuously check for these PFAS and gives them until 2027 to finish the initial monitoring.

Working together with the public, industry, legislators, and scientists will be essential to advancing the cause. Through information exchange, resource pooling, and expert collaboration, stakeholders can expedite the creation and use of efficient PFAS destruction techniques. This collective effort will help address the immediate threat of PFAS and pave the way for a cleaner, safer environment for future generations.

The challenge of PFAS contamination is very large, but the recent breakthroughs in destruction methods offer hope. With continued commitment and collaboration, we can turn the tide against these persistent pollutants and work towards a healthier, more sustainable future.

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